Odors, smell, muzzles ...

For many animals sense of smell is more important than vision and hearing. It may not be but always nose, which is cichovym authority. On the other hand, we also may have completely different functions, such as tactile There is a sense of smell of animals developmentally oldest sense, and is thirty thousand times more sensitive than taste. Excellent ability olfactory orientation, for example, insects. In particular, sexually attractive female substance called attractants have been one of the first chemical signals that scientists have been discovered and analyzed. The survival of animals in the world, you must have a good nose able to perceive and distinguish a wide range of chemical codes. According to a biologist from Columbia University in New York Stuart Firesteina shows the importance of olfactory tract that the capture and interpretation of odors specialize over four percent of genes of higher organisms.Sense of smell, developmentally oldest specific sensory system, present in various forms in all animal groups mediate the chemical information from the external environment and significantly affect emotional states and behavior of animals. The image of the outside world is in many individuals created a set of scent signals. With the emerging cichovych food, seek partners and identify enemies. Your district defined pachovymi marks and smell glands, helping them to drive rival or to demonstrate their position in the group.

In particular, mammals are those who reached the peak in the development of the olfactory sense. For most mammals are odor and smell is an important means of communication. Nature's arranged so that most animals have Olfactory tract two. One is used to search for food, warning of possible dangers in the orientation and cognition territorial marks. The second, much finer, is used for networking, mating and caring for offspring.
Of course, that by far not all mammals have the same olfactory executive body, the softness is related to the area as the number of olfactory mucosa cells cichovych. The most important part of olfactory system of mammals is a yellow tissue membrane, which captures the smell and the molecular record is. Information from it goes into the brain, where they determine the type of smell. The larger the diaphragm,the better the olfactory sense. The man, whose olfactory abilities as well as in monkeys, very limited, this is a large membrane only four square centimeters. For comparison, the domestic cat, dog 14 cm2 and 150 cm2. There is nothing new that the dog is much better developed sense of smell than most other teplokrevnych animals. The dog is capable of much earlier, for example, register the person coming flair than it actually sees. If some odor repeated several times, the dog is determined to remember and the olfactory memory. This Olfactory memory and allow the dog to focus on faster tangle of different odors. Specially trained dog because, for example, can smell heroin in sealed foil several times, buried under several articles.Dog nasal mucosa contains about 120 million cichovych cells.

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